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Terminologies

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For terminologies related to Principles go, to: 原則 Gensoku (Principles)
For Kata names, go to: Links » Shito-ryu Kata


Karate-dō 空手道 the way of the empty hand
Shitō-ryū 糸東流 ‘Shitō’ style
Note: the name ‘Shitō (糸東)’ is formed from the first kanji (Chinese ideogram) of the family names of both his masters: ‘Ito (糸)’ , also read as “shi”, from ‘Itosu (糸洲)’ , and ‘Higa (東)’, also read as “tō”, from ‘Higaonna (東恩納)’. One (1) of four (4) major styles of Japanese Karate.
Shōtōkan(-ryū) 松濤館(流) Shōtō/‘Pine-wave’ school (style)
Note: the name ‘Shōtō (松濤)’ is the pen name of the founder. One (1) of four (4) major styles of Japanese Karate.
Gōjū-ryū 剛柔流 Hard-soft style
Note: One (1) of four (4) major styles of Japanese Karate, and one (1) of four (3) major styles of modern Okinawan Karate.
Wadō-ryū 和道流 Wadō / Harmony / ‘Japanese-style Way’ style
Note: One (1) of four (4) major styles of Japanese Karate.
Shōrin-ryū 小林流
・松林流
・少林流		 ‘Shaolin’ style
Note: Shōrin-ryū is not a single Karate ryūha, but various closely related ryūha founded by different masters who gave the same name as homage to Shaolin Kung Fu but spelt differently for distinctions. One (1) of four (3) major styles of modern Okinawan Karate.
Uechi-ryū 上地流 Uechi style
Note: “Uechi (上地)” is the family name of the founder. One (1) of four (3) major styles of modern Okinawan Karate.
Ryūei-ryū 劉衛流 ‘Ryūei’ style
Note: The name ‘Ryuei (劉衛)’ was chosen to sound similar to the founder’s master Ryu Ryu Ko as homage.
Kyokushin 極真 The Ultimate Truth
Budō 武道 martial arts; military arts; Japanese modern martial arts formalised during or after the Meiji period (明治時代; 1868 – 1912)
ryū 流 style/method/manner of; school (of thought)
ha 派 clique; faction; school
ryūha 流派 mainstream school (of thought)
karateka 空手家 karate practitioner
rei 礼 bow
reihō 礼法 etiquette; courtesy; manners
reigi 礼儀 manners; courtesy; etiquette
reishiki 礼式 etiquette; manners
gyōgi 行儀 manners; behavior; behaviour
ritsurei 立礼 standing bow
zarei 座礼 seated bow
shitsurei shimasu 失礼します excuse me (said upon entering the dōjo or when approaching the sensei to ask assistance)
akurei mashite sumimasen 悪例況して
済みません		 I am sorry, not to mention my bad example (said aloud on seiza by students who arrive late)
onegai shimasu 御願い仕ます please – humble language
yorōshiku
onegai shimasu		 夜露死苦
御願い仕ます		 please treat me favourably, please (said to a training partner upon commencing training with the partner)
arigatō gozaimasu 有り難う
御座いました		 thank you very much (present tense; used when the action your thanking for is still in action)
arigatō gozaimashita 有り難う
御座いました		 thank you very much (past tense; used when the action you’re thanking for is complete)
hai はい Aye; Yes!; (to show enthusiasm, agreement and respect; In karate, “ossu” is used heavily in Shōtōkan, but not a tradition of Shitō-ryū and most ryūha.)
osu / ossu 押忍・押っ忍 yes; that is correct - polite language; understood; I see; OK; okay; present; here - as a response to a roll call; pardon?; what's that?; come again?
[1][2][3][4][5][50][51][52][53]

Related reading: 礼法/礼儀/礼式/行儀 Etiquette

karategi 空手着 karate uniform (lit. karate wear)
keikōgi / dōgi 稽古着・道着 training uniform (lit. training wear / lit. ‘the Way’ wear)
uwagi 上着 the jacket portion of the karategi
zubon ズボン the trousers portion of the karategi (from French)
obi 帯 belt
[56][57]

Related reading: 礼法/礼儀/礼式/行儀 Etiquette » 道着Dōgi / 空手着Karategi / 稽古着 Keikōgi

honbu dōjo 本部道場 main dōjo; dōjo headquarters
kamiza 上座 chief seat; seat of honour; ‘front’ of the dōjo
shimoza 下座 lower seat; ‘rear’ of the dōjo – south of the dōjo, where the kamiza is north
genkan玄関 entranceway; entrance of the dōjo – ideally west side of the shimoza
joseki 上席 seniority; precedence; upper seat; senior side of the dōjo – east side of dōjo; if the genkan is on the east, the joseki shall be in the west
shimoseki 下席 lower seat/position; junior side of the dōjo – west side of the dōjo; if the genkan is on the east, the shimoseki shall be in the east
enbujō 演武場 centre of the dōjo
[56][57]

Related reading: 礼法/礼儀/礼式/行儀 Etiquette » 道場 Dōjō

seiza 正座・正坐 sitting correctly (Japanese-style); sitting (or squatting) straight
mokuso 黙想 meditation; silent contemplation
kaimoku 開黙・開目 open eyes
shomen ni rei 正面に礼 bow to the front
sensei ni rei 先生に礼 bow to the teacher
otagai ni rei 御互いに礼 bow to each other

Related reading: 礼法/礼儀/礼式/行儀 Etiquette » Bowing Ceremonies

kihon 基本 fundamentals (lit. foundation; basis; standard)
kata 型・形 prescribe form of patterns
kumite 組み手・組手 fighting; sparring (lit. meeting of the hands)
waza 技 technique; art
uke 受け・請け・承け block
tsuki / -zuki (as suffix) 突き punch (lit. stab, thrust)
uchi 打ち strike
keri / -geri (as suffix) 蹴り kick
tachi / -dachi (as suffix) 立ち stance
nage 投げ throw; takedown
ryūso 流祖 bud. founder
sōke 宗家 bud. grandmaster (originator; head of family)
shihan 師範 bud. master level instructor
kanchō 館長 director
menkyo 免許 bud. teaching licence (lit. licence; permit; certificate)
sensei 先生 teacher; anyone who is an expert in the field in subject (lit. prior life)
deshi / teishi 弟子 student
sempai 先輩 senior
dohai 奴輩 bud. peer of equal level
kōhai 後輩 junior
keikō 稽古 practice; practise; training; study
keikōdai 稽古台 training partner
kiwotsuke 気を付け (stand to) attention!
yōi / kamaete 用意・構えて ready!; attention / posture!
tate / kiritsu 立て・起立 stand up; rise
narande 並らんで line up!
seiretsu 整列 line up (by rank)
kyukei 休憩 rest; break; recess; intermission
hajime 初め・始め begin; start
yame 止め・留め stop; halt; end
naote 治て at ease; relax
mate 待て・俟て wait
hantei 判定 judgment; decision; award; verdict
susunde 進んでadvance (step forward)
sagatte 下がって retreat (step backward)
hantai mawate 反対回て turn around to the opposite direction
ashi hantai 足反対 switch legs (on stance)
ido shiki 移動指揮 movement commands
renzoku kihon 連続基本 fundamental combinations
shihō uke 四方受け every direction defence
hanmi / hanshin 入身 lit. half-body (A diagonal posture in which only half of the body is turned against the opponent, instead of the whole body. It is a convenient posture to protect oneself by narrowing the enemy's attack area.) [69, 70]
irimi hanshin / nyūmi hanshin 入身半身 lit. enter-body half-body (kar. moving into hanmi/hanshi (半身) posture.) [69, 70]
gyaku hanmi 逆半身 lit. reverse half-body
[71,72][69,70]
enbusen 演武線 kar. the kata’s path of movement (lit. martial (arts) performance line)
tai sabaki 体捌き body shifting
bunkai 分解 kar. the process of analysing and extracting fighting techniques from the movements of a kata (lit. analysis)
ōyō 応用 kar. the fighting techniques or application extracted from movements from a kata (lit. application; put to practical use)
kokyū 呼吸 breath
ritsudō 律動 rhythm
nagare 流れ flow
chakugan 着眼 kar. gaze (lit. notice; attention; viewpoint; observation; aiming at; having an eye to
kumite gamae 組み手構え sparring posture/stance
hidari gamae 左に手構え left (sparring) posture – left leg as the leading-leg
migi gamae 右に手構え sparring posture/stance
kihon kumite 基本組み手 fundamental/basic sparring [71,72]
ippon kumite 一本組手 one step sparring
nihon kumite 二本組手 two step sparring
sanbon kumite 三本組手 tree step sparring
fukushiki kumite 複式組組手 duplicate sparring [71,72]
kumite kata 組手み形 sparring kata (forms) [71,72]
ōyō kumite 応用組み手 applied sparring [71,72]
jiyu kumite 自由組手 free sparring
jiyu ippon kumite 自由一本組手 one step free sparring
randori 乱取り・乱捕り free-style practice (uninterrupted sparring)
jigeikō 地稽古 field training – sparring practice where the objective is not to win but to practice the execution of techniques and tactics
shiai geikō 試合稽古 practice match – sparring practice where the objective is to win like in a competition match
bōgu 防具 protective equipment; armour
sun dome 寸止め kar. inch stop – stopping [a technique] just before [making contact] (lit. edging)
maai 間合い distancing
tsukuri 作り kar. setting-up
hyōshi 拍子 kar.timing
engo waza 援護技 kar. follow-up techniques
kōgeki 攻撃 lit. attack; strike; offensive; criticism; censure
bōgeki 防撃 kar. defence
kawashi 躱し dodge
jōdan 上段 upper level
chūdan 中段 middle level
gedan 下段 lower level
seichūsen 正中線 kar. centre line - vertical line passing through the centre of the person’s body (lit. median line)
yoko 横 side
uchi 内・中 inner
soto 外 outer
age 上げ rising
otoshi 落とし dropping
ryote 両手 (with) both hands
morote 諸手・双手 (with) both hands (synonymous to ryote)
niren 二連 double
sanren 三連 triple
rei / zero 零・〇* zero
ichi 一 one
ni 二 two
san 三 three
shi / yon 四 four
go 五 five
roku 六 six
shichi / nana 七 seven
hachi 八 eight
kyū 九 nine
jū 十 ten
jūichi 十一 eleven
jūni 十二 twelve
jūsan 十三 thirteen
nijū 二十 twenty
nijūichi 十一 twenty-one
nijūni 十二 twenty-two
nijūsan 十三 twenty-three
sanjū 三十 three
shijū/yonjū 四十 four
hyaku 百 one hundred
yoko uke 横受け side block
gedan barai (uke)
(gedan) harai uke		 下段払い（受け）
(下段)払い受け		 lower-level sweep/parry (block)
(lower-level) sweep/parry block
Note: Gedan barai (下段払い) is more commonly used in Shitō-Kai/WSKF as well as Shōtōkan. Seitō Shitō-ryū officially uses harai uke (払い受け).
hara uke 腹受け abdomen block
age uke 上げ受け rising block
yoko uchi (uke) 横打ち（受け） side strike (block)
shutō uke 手刀受け knife-hand block
(gedan) shutō barai (uke) (下段)手刀払い（受け） (lower-level) knife-hand sweep/parry (block)
chūdan zuki 中段突き middle-level punch
jōdan zuki 上段突き upper-level punch
gedan zuki 下段突き lower-level punch
kizami zuki 刻み突き chop punch (jab)
gyaku zuki 逆突き reverse punch
oi zuki 追い突き lunge punch
(all the punches can be preceded with chūdan (中段), jōdan (上段) or gedan (下段) to indicate middle, upper and lower levels.)
ura zuki 裏突き inverted punch
tateken zuki 縦て拳突き vertical-fist punch
age zuki 上げ突き rising punch
furi zuki 振り突き swing punch
kagi zuki 鉤突き・鈎突き hook punch
uraken uchi / ura uchi 裏拳打ち・裏打ち inverted-fist strike / inverted strike
hiji ate 肘当て elbow hit
hiza ate 膝当て knee hit
mae geri 前蹴り front kick
mawashi geri 回し蹴り round(house) kick
yoko geri 横蹴り side kick
sokutō geri 足刀蹴り knife-foot kick (interchangeable with yoko geri but emphasising on the point of contact; a yoko geri that doesn’t use the knife of the foot shouldn’t be called sokutō geri)
heisoku dachi 閉足立ち closed-feet stance
musubi dachi 結び立ち ending/conclusion/union stance
namiheikō dachi 並平行立ち abreast parallel stance
Note: In Seitō Shitō-ryū syllabus, it refers to the stance where both feet are placed abreast, shoulder width apart and pointing forward. In Shitō-Kai/WSKF (World Shitō-ryū Karate-dō Federation) and other ryūha, this is called heikō dachi (平行立ち・併行立ち・並行立ち).
heikō dachi 平行立ち・併行立ち・並行立ち parallel stance
Note: In Shitō-Kai/WSKF syllabus, and Shōtōkan, Gōjū-ryū, Wadō-ryū and most ryūha, this refers to what namiheikō dachi (並平行立ち) is to the Seitō Shitō-ryū syllabus. In Seitō Shitō-ryū syllabus, heikō dachi (平行立ち・併行立ち・並行立) refers to a stance with one feet placed forward at walking pace distance and at shoulder with, similar to moto dachi (基立ち) but where both feet are facing forward.
soto hachiji dachi 外八字立ち outer eight(八)-character stance
shizentai 自然体 natural posture (Interchangeable with soto hachiji dachi)
uchi hachiji dachi 内八字立ち inner eight(八)-character stance
Note: Stance with feet placed abreast at just slightly wider than the shoulder with the feet pointing inwards at about 45° angle or less. This is the inverse of soto hachiji dachi (外八字立ち). In Seitō Shitō-ryū syllabus, this can also refer to what is called sanchin dachi (三戦立ち) in the Shitō-Kai/WSKF syllabus as well as most other ryūha.
naihanchi dachi
Uchinaaguchi: naifanchi dachi
Also: naihanchin dachi
Uchinaaguchi: naifanchin dachi
Also: naihanchen dachi
Uchinaaguchi: naifanchendachi dachi		 内歩進・内步進立ち
内畔戦立ち
内範置立ち		 inner-step-advanced stance
(ii) inner-levee-battle stance
(iii) inner-patter-placement stance
(interchangeable with uchi hachiji dachi)
Note: interchangeable with the more common definition uchi hachiji dachi (内八字立ち), i.e. feet abreast slightly wider than the shoulder with the feet pointing outwards at about 45° angle or less.), but sometimes used to refer to sanchin dachi (三戦立ち) as well.
For both versions; legs are bent until the knees and toes line up vertically, both knees squeezed inwards, tighten your buttocks and pelvis is pushed forward, and with a strong feeling of tanden (丹田).
shiko dachi 四股立ち square/rectangle stance
moto dachi 基立ち foundation stance
zenkutsu dachi 前屈立ち front-bent stance
hanzenkutsu dachi 半前屈立ち half-front-bent stance
nekoashi dachi 猫足立ち cat-feet stance
kōkutsu dachi 後屈立ち back-bent stance
sanchin dachi 三戦立ち three battle stance
Note: When one feet is forward; the front foot points 45° inwards and the rear-foot points forward, the front heel and back toes are on a straight line. Legs are bent until the knees and toes line up vertically, both knees squeezed inwards, tighten your buttocks and pelvis is pushed forward, and with a strong feeling of tanden (丹田).
In Seitō Shitō-ryū syllabus, this is one of two stances called uchi hachiji dachi (内八字立ち).
[71,72]
Note:
lit. - literal translation
col. -colloquialism
kar. - Karate-dō terminology definition
bud. -Budō (modern Japanese martial arts) terminology definition

Note: This reference section combines all references from 礼法/礼儀/礼式/行儀 Etiquette, Terminologies and 原則 Gensoku (Principles)

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